Design of Energy-efficient Hierarchical Scheduling for Integrated Modular Avionics Systems

AbstractRecently the integrated modular avionics (IMA) architecture which introduces the concept of resource partitions becomes popular as an alternative to the traditional federated architecture. This study investigates the problem of designing hierarchical scheduling for IMA systems. The proposed scheduler model enables strong temporal partitioning, so that multiple hard real-time applications can be easily integrated into an uniprocessor platform. This paper derives the mathematic relationships among partition cycle, partition capacity and schedulability under the real-time condition, and then proposes an algorithm for optimizing partition parameters. Real-time tasks with arbitrary deadlines are considered for generality. To further improve the basic algorithm and reduce the energy consumption for embedded systems in aircraft, a power optimization approach is also proposed by exploiting the slack time. Experimental results show that the designed system can guarantee the hard real-time requirement and reduce the power consumption by at least 14%

Optimization of Srp/HAP for removal of fluoride，iron and manganese from groundwater in mining area by response surface methodology

In order to solve the serious problems of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ in underground water of mining area, the serpentine loaded hydroxy-apatite (Srp/HAP) composite adsorbent was prepared by wet chemical coprecipitation method, and the simultaneous removal of fluorine, iron and manganese in underground water was studied. Through batch experiment and CCD response optimization experiment, the effects of dosage, reaction time and pH on the removal efficiency of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ were investigated, and a quadratic regression model with the removal rates of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ as response values was established. Srp/HAP adsorption and regeneration experiments were carried out to explore its reusability. The results show that the optimal reaction conditions of Srp/HAP treatment of complex water samples with mass concentrations of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ of 5 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 5 mg/L respectively are as follows: When 3.64 g/L water sample was added, the reaction time was 120.47 min and the pH value was 6.3, the corresponding removal rates of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ were 98.23%, 99.9% and 99.7% respectively. The effluent shall meet the requirements of the 《Standards for drinking water quality》(GB5749—2006).The adsorption process of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ by Srp/HAP was well fitted by the CCD optimized experimental model. The absolute error between the predicted value and the experimental value is less than 5%, which proves that the experimental model is reliable. After five times of regeneration, the removal rates of F−、Fe2+ and Mn2+ by Srp/HAP composite particles decreased by 16.13%, 10.5% and 15.4%, respectively, less than 20%. Srp/HAP composite particles can be used as an excellent adsorbent for the treatment of groundwater containing fluoride, iron and manganese ions

Mapping the worst commute with cellular network data: a case of Shanghai

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Analysis of the Effect of Industrial Transformation of Resource-Based Cities in Northeast China

Based on the development of the industrial structure of prefecture-level resource-based cities in Northeast China, this paper selects three indicators of industrial structure—diversification, rationalization and upgrading—conducting empirical analysis on the transformation of the industrial structure of these resource-based cities. The effects of the industrial transformation of resource-based cities of the same kind are analysed and the development of industrial structure in different provinces is compared. It indicates that the transformation process and adjustment effect of the industrial structures in resource-based cities of Northeast China were different and were not very satisfactory on the whole and the secondary industry was still the leading industry in most cities. In addition, the article analyses the impact of the industrial transformation on the economic growth of resource-based cities in Northeast China. It can be concluded that the rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure generally promoted the cities’ economic growth. The promotion of industrial structure rationalization was greater than that of upgrading. In order to promote the sustainable development of resource-based cities’ economy in Northeast China and solve problems in the process of the cities’ development, two suggestions are proposed. One is to pay attention to the rational development of the industrial structure, so it is necessary to strengthen the overall planning of resource-based cities in the Northeast region, promote regional coordination and rationally arrange and adjust the industrial structure from the overall scope of the region. Another is to continue to promote the process of industrial structure upgrading by introducing high-tech industries through preferential policies and to develop relevant industries based on the advantages of the cities, instead of just extending the original industry